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private highway
A private highway is a highway owned and operated for profit by private industry. Private highways are common in Asia and Europe; in addition, a few have been built in the United States on an experimental basis. Typically, private highways are built by companies that charge tolls for a period while the debt is retired, after which the highway is turned over to government control. This allows governments to fulfill immediate transportation needs despite their own budget constraints, while still retaining public ownership of the roads in the long term.
An obstacle to private highways is that government regulation can stifle price flexibility and introduce negotiation and paperwork requirements that increase operational expenses, while having to compete against free public roads. In addition, private highways lack some advantages that governments have, such as sovereign immunity against liability for accidents, the use of eminent domain power to acquire private property for roads and the ability to issue tax-exempt securities.〔Hakin, Simon & Blackstone, Edwin (August 1, 1999). (Making inroads in private highway construction ). American City & County. Retrieved on January 10, 2008.〕
Free-market roads are advocated by libertarians, who consider them more efficient, safer, and more cost-effective than public roads.〔''Free to Choose'', Milton Friedman〕
==History==
The Interstate Highway System provided for in the Federal Aid Highway Act was a federally funded, non-toll system. According to Simon Hakim and Edwin Blackstone, "by 1989, () roads comprised just of the 3.8 million miles of streets and roads in the United States and only out of the of the interstate system."〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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